Title

The ESPN Effect: How Slam Dunks Affect Individualism, Competitiveness, and Optimism

Department/School

Psychology

Date

2009

Document Type

Article

Keywords

individualism, collectivism, media images, modeling, observational learning, race

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2.1.21

Abstract

The authors examined the effects of individualistic media images on children’s levels of optimism toward their future basketball careers. Three hundred sixty-five participants watched highlights featuring either Black or White players performing an easy (passing) or difficult skill (slam dunking). Results indicated that participants placed a higher value on slam dunks when they watched them in a highlight tape. In addition, we found the same interaction on 3 dependent variables, such that those who viewed a same-race model performing passes felt more optimistic about playing both college and professional basketball and higher levels of positive arousal. Given Western society’s individualistic culture, the authors suggest that increased exposure to media images that promote unselfishness and teamwork would be beneficial for young athletes.

Volume

2

Issue

1

Published in

International Journal of Sport Communication

Citation/Other Information

Kingsbury, J. H., & Tauer, J. M. (2009). The ESPN Effect: How Slam Dunks Affect Individualism, Competitiveness, and Optimism. International Journal of Sport Communication, 2(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2.1.21

COinS