Title

Hoping for the Best or Preparing for the Worst? Regulatory Focus and Preferences for Optimism and Pessimism in Predicting Personal Outcomes

Department/School

Marketing

Date of this version

2011

Document Type

Article

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2011.29.1.74

Abstract

People are rarely completely accurate in forecasting their own futures. in- stead, past research has demonstrated tendencies for both optimistic and pessimistic bias in thinking about one’s own outcomes. Furthermore, both biases are thought to be potentially functional. Recently, an “intuitive functionalist” account of forecasting biases has been proposed (Sackett & Armor, 2010; see also Armor, Massey, & Sackett, 2008), which posits that individuals flexibly shift between optimistic or pessimistic outlooks based on the perceived value of each outlook. The present research examines people’s chronic motivational orientations as one factor that influences perceptions of the functional value of optimistic or pessimistic outlooks. Across three studies, we demonstrate that those primarily concerned with growth and advancement (i.e., promotion) prefer optimistic forecasts and perform better when adopting an optimistic outlook, whereas those primarily concerned with safety and security (i.e., prevention) prefer pessimistic forecasts and perform better when adopting a pessimistic outlook.

Volume

29

Issue

1

Published in

Social Cognition

Citation/Other Information

Hazlett, A., Molden, D. C., & Sackett, A. M. (2011). Hoping for the best or preparing for the worst? Regulatory focus and preferences for optimism and pessimism in predicting personal outcomes. Social Cognition, 29(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2011.29.1.74

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